Al-Biruni Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

A comprehensive legal framework for civil liability for damages occurring from artificial intelligence systems must be established immediately, given the growing dependence on these systems and their effects on people's lives and society. This is particularly true in light of intelligent systems' novel features, which call for a reexamination and expansion of conventional liability laws. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal underpinnings that can be used to hold AI systems accountable for harm. It aims to evaluate the applicability of current legal regulations as well as the potential for creating suitable legal models that are in line with the characteristics of these sophisticated systems. Using a theoretical analytical method, the study reviewed and analyzed legal theories pertaining to liability for defective goods and products, assessed opposing and supportive jurisprudential perspectives, and examined pertinent international and legal models. Building theoretical stances that aid in the creation of a suitable legal framework is the goal. The study came to the conclusion that while traditional civil liability laws, such as those pertaining to defective goods or services, may theoretically apply to AI systems, they must be modified to take into account their special features, like decentralization and self-learning. Along with the nebulous notions of error and carelessness in the context of artificial intelligence, the study also identified important difficulties in determining who is at fault for damages—the developer, the user, or the system itself. To keep up with the advancement of artificial intelligence systems, civil liability laws must be updated and developed. They must also offer adaptable legal models that can handle the difficulties of contemporary technology and stress the value of collaboration between legislative and technical authorities in order to create liability frameworks that effectively protect the rights of those impacted and bring about justice.

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Article history

Received : Jun 26, 2025

Revised : Jun 28, 2025

Accepted : Jul 24, 2025

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